Central Javanese Gamelan: How Globalization Influences the Students’ Music Consumption

INTRODUCTION Central Javanese gamelan study has been available in some schools. In some schools do not have Central Javanese gamelan study. In my opinion, it is very unfortunate, because students need to conserve our own traditional music, especially Central Javanese gamelan. So, one of ways to conserve the Central Javanese gamelan, is understand the theory, the history about it. Not only understand the theory and the history, but also understand how to play the Central Javanese gamelan (the implementation). Ki Hadjar Dewantara (as cited in Sumarsam, 2003, p. 68) argued that â€Å"put the Javanese art spectacle as an obligated curriculum in Taman Siswa is the most important thing to do. † Actually, the writer agrees with Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s argument. By putting the Javanese art spectacle as an obligated curriculum, then the students can learn and understand about it. And so is the Central Javanese gamelan. The Central Javanese gamelan is one the Javanese art spectacle . So the students must learn, understand the theory and the implementation of it. Because the Central Javanese gamelan is very important to be preserved, Ki Hadjar Dewantara (as cited in Sumarsam, 2003, p. 68) said that: Gendhings lesson are not only needed to look for the knowledge and the ability (to play) the gendhings, but it is important to generate the life of the inner, because gendhings always guide the rhythmic sense, generate the sense of beauty, and silence a sense of decency. (As mentioned in Sultan Agungan’s teaching, and the teachings of western scholars) (p. 168) What Ki Hadjar Dewantara means here is the students do not only just understand the theory and the implementation, but also the students are demanded to be able to feel the song (gendhing). Usually the students just play the song perfunctorily.Actually, it is not allowed. While the students are playing the song, they have to try to feel the song. If they can feel the song, their feeling will be peacefu l. Besides, if they can feel the song, there will be sense of beauty in the students’ feeling. They will understand how that song can relax them. They will understand how that song can relax their mind, body, and etc. They will understand that every rhythm in the song can make their feeling become calm, because the sound of every rhythm is beautiful. Moreover if the students are able to play it softly, the sound that is produced will be nice for the players and the listeners.Besides, it is better for them if they can sing the song. CENTRAL JAVANESE GAMELAN Before the writer explains the definition of Gamelan, especially Central Javanese gamelan, the writer will explain about Gendhing. It is important to you to understand about it. It is because gendhing is related to the gamelan. Gendhing is from Javanese language. In Indonesia, gendhing is ‘Lagu’. So, in English, gendhing is ‘Song’. In the gendhing (song), there is a part called ‘Buka’. The definition of buka is the beginning of the song which is played before the real gendhing is played.Buka in the gendhing can be played by gamelan (bonang barong, kendhang, rebab, gendher, and etc. ) and it can be started by tembang (sindhen). According to Sumarsam (2003), the Javanese priyayi defined gamelan (and so are puppet and traditional dance) as a noble art, or a high valued art (beautiful and noble). So, the Central Javanese gamelan is one of traditional music in Indonesia that must be respected because of its high valued art. Besides, gamelan is a musical unity. What the writer means here is that the gamelan can not be played one by one, including Central Javanese gamelan.If you do that, then the sound that is produced is not good. You can just hear one, two, or three sounds of the gamelan instruments. For example, if you just play Gong, then the sound that is produced is from the Gong itself. The sound of the Gong is like an echo and the sound is not good to hear. So, it is better for you to play it together. LOCAL CULTURE VS GLOBALIZATION As we know that may teenagers, especially students, do not know and understand about their own local culture. It is because the students are following the new trend. They like following the new trend because they are fraid of being ancient people. As Silaban (2006) said that: Many people accept the changes of civilization as something that is commonplace as a process which must be passed, understood, and its presence causes many changes in its practice. So that, it forces cultural society, willy-nilly or consciously or unconsciously faced with a difficult situation between accepting the changes that civilization (because they do not want to be considered old-fashioned) or reject it in spite of the changes are considered primitive, conventional and orthodox.Like the writer said before that the students do not want to be considered old-fashioned people. They want to be new ones. They want to be new in fashion, ne w in technology, new in music, new in culture, and etc. They easily accept the changes. Especially in music, they prefer listening and playing the music from western or eastern to Indonesian music, especially traditional music like gamelan. They always consider gamelan as an ancient music. Whereas, gamelan, especially Central Javanese gamelan is one of our local culture that must be preserved in globalization era.Cultural globalization is caused by some factors. According to Hutagalung et al. (2007) who studied about cultural globalization amid the national identity problem, argued that it is caused by (1) the development of new technologies; (2) economic globalization of capital, labor, natural resources, production, and consumption; and (3) political factors also played a role, from imperialism and nationalism to totalitarian states and the Cold War; so to did social struggles over the construction of race, class, ethnicity, religion and gender.The students like consuming (listeni ng) to western or eastern music because the music is cool, the music is easy to listen, and the artists are handsome or beautiful. Therefore, the western or eastern music easily enters Indonesia. Teenager, especially students, prefers attending the concert of their idol stars to attending the gamelan concert or traditional art show. The students have been affected by modern culture. Day by day, the students forget that traditional music, especially gamelan, is their local culture. They do not care as if gamelan (Central Javanese gamelan) is not part of their local culture.Cultural identity is losing its identity with the arrival of torrent of foreign culture in the form westernization and globalization (Rahman, 2010). It is so unfortunate that we lose our identity. In my opinion, our local culture shows our identity. Western culture is a culture that traded and people in the world generally are only the consumers who enjoy it (Hutagalung, Nugroho, Abiantes et al. , 2007). Actually, the writer agrees with that statement. It proved by the music they listen, the concert they attend, the music they play.The students only are only consumer of western culture, especially in music. CONCLUSION Although the students prefer listening modern music to traditional music, it is better to them to understand and learn about gamelan, especially Central Javanese gamelan. That is for their knowledge about it. It is important for us to preserve the Central Javanese gamelan because it can avoid from another country’s claim. If we do not preserve it, then the other countries can make a claim that Central Javanese gamelan is their traditional music. There are some ways to preserve our local culture.Hasiholan (2011) said, â€Å"The role of all whole society is needed and their cooperation to one another to preserve local culture to build a national cultural resilience and provide socialization and internalization of local knowledge to build a community that would love the cul ture and to implement them in everyday life. † The writer agrees with his statement. We need cooperation from the society, especially students who like consuming the western culture especially music. If the students and the society do the cooperation well, then national cultural resilience will be built strongly.Besides, Sumarsam (2002) said, â€Å"There are gamelan lessons in schools and colleges; there are also schools and academies of gamelan. † In my opinion, there are some schools which do not have gamelan lessons, so the writer suggests that gamelan lessons must be available in all schools. And the writer recommends that gamelan lessons must be an obligated curriculum. So far, the writer has known many schools and academies of gamelan, such as STKW (Wilwatikta Art High School) in Surabaya, SMK 9 Surabaya, ISI (Indonesian Art Institute), IKJ (Jakarta Art Institute), and etc.It is first good step to preserve our local culture. Although the curriculum is the differen t from the art school, but at least there is an obligated curriculum of gamelan lessons. WORKS CITED Hasiholan, S. P. U. (2011, February 28). Peranan budaya lokal mendukung ketahanan budaya nasional. Retrieved from http://www. scribd. com/doc/49525067/Makalah-ilmu-Budaya-Dasar-Peranan-Budaya-Lokal-Mendukung-Ketahanan-Budaya-Nasional Hutagalung, N. P. ,et al. (2007). Globalisasi budaya ditengah masalah identitas nasional. Yogyakarta: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional â€Å"Veteran†. Retrieved from http://feelsafat. files. wordpress. om/2007/12/globalisasi-budaya-ditengah-masalah-identitas-nasional. pdf Rahman, D. M. , et al. (2010). Makna Bhinneka Tunggal Ika sebagai Bingkai Budaya Ke-Indonesia-an. Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata. Silaban, S. P. (2006, November 26). Budaya lokal vs budaya global : Sanggupkah ?. Retrieved from http://www. silaban. net/2006/11/26/budaya-lokal-vs-budaya-global-sanggupkah/ Sumarsam. (2003). Gamelan: Interaksi budaya dan perkembangan musikal d i jawa. (p. 168). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. . (2002). Introduction to javanese gamelan. Retrieved from http://sumarsam. web. wesleyan. edu/Intro. gamelan. pdf

National Effluent Limitation Regulations In Nigerian Breweries Environmental Sciences Essay

Nigeria, a state with 30 six provinces situated in the western portion of Africa, rich in mineral and natural resources, holding a size of three 100s and 50 six 1000, six hundred and 60 nine square stat mis of land country, with ecological zones runing from the dry savannas in the North, to the H2O abundant Niger Delta ( about nine hundred and twenty three 1000, seven hundred and 70 three square kilometers ) – She is more than half the United States of American province of California, Nigeria has placed her name on the Earth for acknowledgment in exportation of crude oil oil, Indian potato, palm oil and chocolate. Deriving her independency in 1960, she has been ruled and governed under the military and civilian epoch, with the later still in regulation, besides known as the epoch of democracy. Nigeria, like many other former British settlements operates a common jurisprudence. The chief beginnings of jurisprudence in Nigeria are customary jurisprudence ( which was the legal sy stem runing in Nigeria prior to the coming of the British colonial regulation ) , the Nigerian statute law, and common jurisprudence. The composing and nature of our environment has greatly been altered by activities such as industrialisation, transit, building and other activities. Nigeria is a underdeveloped state and so, has industries situated in urban and rural countries, most of these industries are fabricating and bring forthing industries, and as such, tend to give off waste merchandises which acts as pollutants to the immediate and environing environment. This essay covers air pollution control Torahs in Nigeria caused by brewing activities. Brewing ACTIVITY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Brewing is a complex procedure with several phases, that tend to bring forth pollutants in signifier of exhausts and wastewater that causes environmental air pollution. The natural stuff aggregation procedure, produces dust which when inhaled makes the victim to sneeze and cough, for this ground, animal trainers are given protective cogwheels to cover their nose, neglecting to gain that this dust atoms still float in the air and pollutes the environment. The steam produced when the milled grains are boiling ( wort production ) , and the add-on of barm to the cooled wort for fermenting the wort into beer, ( the aeration procedure ) , the bottling and packaging which deals with H2O that is in bend converted to blow H2O that gives a malodor before treated. Waste H2O from the industry ( wastewater ) , which is subsequently on recycled and used to rinse equipments in the mill, gives out a malodor that offends neighboring environing. In the outflowing armored combat vehicles, the smell pro duced airss as a nuisance to the environing environment in the signifier of air pollution. The jurisprudence associating to air pollution in Nigeria is contained in legion instruments as obtained in The National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency ( NESREA ) Act 2007, an Agency of the Ministry of Environment Housing and Urban Development is charged with the duty of implementing environmental Laws, ordinances andA criterion in discouraging people, industries and organisation from fouling and degrading the environment. Harmonizing to the Environmental Law Research Institute 2007, ( ELRI ) for Nigeria, the outline of Torahs and ordinances purposes at bring oning responsible attitudes and behaviors towards the environment are embedded in NESREA Act 2007 which replaced the Federal Environmental Protection Agency ( FEPA ) Act, notes in Section 7, that it provides authorization to guarantee conformity with environmental Torahs, local and international, on environmental sanitation and pollution bar and control through monitory and regulative steps. Harmonizing to the ordinances under NESREA on National Effluent Limitation Regulations, Section 1 ( 1 ) requires industry installations to hold anti-pollution equipment for the intervention of wastewater, but because policies are non given out to the general populace, possibly due to company ‘s work moralss or policy, one can non state if the intervention of wastewater is decently met in the brewing industry, nevertheless, because of the air pollution caused by this activity, it is recommended that Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) comes into act to look into if the industry has exceeded its bound in fouling the environment as stated in The National Environment Protection ( Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities bring forthing Waste ) Regulations ( 1991 ) , Section 1 Prohibits the release of risky substances into the air, land or H2O of Nigeria beyond approved bounds set by the Agency. Besides, the demand for the Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA ) to mensurate the degree of impact and harm done to the environment is non applied, it is for this ground that both little and large industries still generate a batch of pollution to the environment. The E.I.A Act, as it is informally called, trades with the considerations of environmental impact in regard of public and private undertakings. Sections relevant to environmental exigency bar under the EIA include: – Section 2 ( 1 ) requires an appraisal of public or private undertakings probably to hold a important ( negative ) impact on the environment. However, this is non the instance when compared with the activities of brewing, as it gives a negative impact on the immediate environment. Mwalimu in his text states â€Å" The common jurisprudence addendums statutory control and ordinance of air pollution in Nigeria for illustration refering Byzantine liability under civil wrongs of nuisance and carelessness. † This means that the jurisprudence is at that place to command and modulate air pollution. A civil wrong is an hurt incurred by one or more persons, and it may affect mere inattention by the air defiler who allowed the hurt to happen. The different phases are powered with generators which emit exhausts into the air, the phases involved besides releases exhausts into the air, wastewater H2O which is before treated Acts of the Apostless as another agency of air pollution. The exhausts produced from the industry, derived as a consequence of the production from brewing, running of Diesel operated generators ( normally known as ‘diesel exhausts ‘ ) are a mixture of gases, bluess, liquid aerosols and substances made up of atoms. They contain the merchandises of burning including: C ( carbon black ) ; N ; H2O ; C monoxide ; aldehydes ; N dioxide ; sulfur dioxide ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This gases acts as pollutants and are suspended in the ambiance where they cause nursery consequence and lead to planetary heating. Most of these gases harm flora, respiratory system, merchandise of complete burning of organic compounds ; implicated in planetary clime alteration. In other words they damage and pollute the environment ; it is safe to state that brewing activities contributes to one of the major beginnings of pollution. Environment is a really wide construct and involves everything that affects an being during its life-time. Harmonizing to Srinivasan â€Å" our environment comprises atmosphere, H2O, Earth, and infinite † . In his book, Chauhan defined environment in different ways ; â€Å" 1. It is in entirety of all societal, biological and physical or chemical separately every bit good as jointly that compose the nature and semisynthetic milieus. It refers to the sum sum of conditions which surrounds adult male at a given point in infinite and clip. It is the representative of physical constituents of the Earth where in adult male is the of import factor act uponing his environment † It would look that what the writer means by environment is the entirety of the environing organic structure ( air, land and H2O ) that can be seen and felt by populating being. Pollution is when different activities done by adult male makes the environment ( air, land and H2O ) dirty, Saunders in his text defines Pollution as â€Å" The debut by adult male of waste affair or surplus energy into the environment which straight or indirectly causes harm to adult male and his environment other than himself, his family, those in his employment or those with whom his has a direct trading relationship † . This means that for every action adult male has taken has caused pollution straight or indirectly. Olanrewaju and Chukwukere defined air pollution as â€Å" the debut of chemicals, particulate affair, biological stuffs that may do injury or uncomfortableness to worlds or other life beings or cause harm to the natural environment or built environment, into the ambiance and farther classified beginnings of air pollution into anthropogenetic beginnings and natural beginnings † . Tiwary and Colls stated in their book that â€Å" air pollution has been with us since the first fire was lit, although different facets have been of import at different times. While many would see air pollution an issue that the modern universe has resolved to a greater extent, it still appears to hold a considerable influence on the planetary environment † . It would look that the writers mean to state that air pollution, has been in being from the beginning of clip where fire was discovered and perchance before so. Vallero in his text defined air pollution in page three of his book as â€Å" Air Pollution is the presence of contaminations or pollutant substances in the air that interfere with human wellness or public assistance, or bring forth other harmful environmental effects † . Hill in his text said â€Å" Pollution occurs because no procedure is one 100 per centum efficient † the writer means that pollution is inevitable but can be managed. As stated above, there is no procedure or activity done by any life being that does non ensue in one signifier of pollution or the other. A good illustration of air pollution includes failure to inspect the operation and care of electrostatic precipitators or failure to design and size an equal suspension engineering.Consequence of Air Pollution on Health of HumansOlarenwaju and Chukwukere, the consequence of air pollution and perturbation of natural air causes different wellness jobs such as trouble in external respiration, wheezing, coughing, exasperation of bing respiratory and cardiac conditions, pneumonic aggravations, vascular disfunction, increased thrombus formation, encephalon harm, malignant neoplastic disease, and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. For this ground, statute laws and ordinances have been made for bring forthing industries to stay in, and breach in this has its effects. This statute law in relation to environmental jurisprudence constitutes meshing organic structure of pacts, conventions, legislative acts, ordinances, and common jurisprudence that, really loosely, run to modulate the interaction of humanity and the remainder of the biophysical or natural environment, toward the intent of cut downing the impacts of homo. The defiler can be held responsible for the harm to human wellness. These Torahs and ordinances are in the fundamental law but are non enforced in the state, because pollution is still on the addition in this underdeveloped state. The usage of generators to power the mill, or a house or machineries has led to non merely air pollution but besides noise pollution. Harmonizing to Abdulkareem in his instance survey on Urban air pollution by computing machine simulator, â€Å" Urban Air pollution due to activities of procedure industries is one of the chief jobs faced by the industrial country of the universe. † This means that, every bit long as there is an industrial procedure traveling on, air pollution would still be present. The action carried out by the brewery industry does non advance clean air, and hence pollutes the air and this causes uncomfortableness for the dwellers of the environing environment, and the regulative organic structures are non efficient in transporting out their responsibilities, unlike the United Kingdom, where Legislations are invariably reviewed and put into topographic point to angle out industries and companies that are transcending the pollution bound, environmental licenses are in topographic point, pollution bar and control licenses are besides in topographic point to look into for interest holders that breach Torahs and to look into for hw air pollution is regulated. As earlier said, there is no procedure that does non foul the environment. The Pollution Prevention and Control permits ( PPC ) of the United Kingdom states that â€Å" If a concern operates in Northern Ireland or Scotland, the concern would necessitate a PPC license from an environmental regulator before such concern would be allowed to run. The NEW Environmental Permitting ( England and Wales ) Regulations 2010 SI 675 provides a amalgamate system for environmental licenses and freedoms for industrial activities, Mobile works, waste operations, excavation waste operations, H2O discharge activities, groundwater activities and radioactive substances activities. It besides sets out the powers, maps and responsibilities of the regulators † .Unlike the United Kingdom where the populace has the right to cognize the statute law for air pollution control, the populace is incognizant of this statute law in Nigeria. Very small is put in topographic point for the populace, there is no clean air act, which gives powers to local councils to command domestic and industrial fume to better local air quality and meet EU air quality criterions for sulfur dioxide and particulates. The English air statute law controls emanations of gases, dark fume and other airborne pollutants that harm the quality of the ambiance. It includes environmental permitting and empowering governments and, via the clime alteration model, establishes fiscal inducements to exchange to less-polluting ways of working.NEW Aerosol Dispensers Regulations 2009 SI 2824 aims to protect public wellness by forbiding the supply or ownership of aerosols non marked as conforming to safety criterions.Recommendation: This ordinance has been in topographic point to run into up to the cleanliness of the environment, but because of the corruptness of the land, such Torahs are non enforced and hence, it is ignored. The industries still run and release aerosols and exhausts into the ambiance, damaging the immediate environment.

AP American HistoryEarly American Nationalism And Reform

AP American HistoryEarly American Nationalism And Reform Essay, Research Paper The rise of in-migration in the mid seventeenth century lead to a spirit of national reform in the United States. Many Europeans, peculiarly the Irish and the German, immigrated to America during the 1800s. There were many different grounds for their in-migration, and when they came they influenced American civilization greatly. The United States changed sacredly, because of the German and Irish, politically because of the German and Irish, and economically/socially by virtuousness of the struggles between the Irish and the inkinesss and the influence of the Germans on instruction. When the Germans and the Irish immigrated to America, they greatly affected us sacredly. With the tremendous influx of the Irish and the Germans in the 1840s and 1850s, the Roman Catholics became the powerful spiritual group. Seeking to protect their kids signifier Protestant instruction in the public schools, these Roman Catholics began to build a separate Catholic educational system. This was tremendously expensive for the hapless immigrant community, but revealed the strength of its spiritual committedness. ? Native? Americans were concerned that this? foreign rabble? would set up the Catholic Church at the disbursal of Protestantism. The Americans formed a party known as the? Know-Nothing? party, given its name because it was so close. This party wanted stiff limitations on naturalisation and in-migration and Torahs leting the exile of foreigners. This group besides caused occasional rabble force against the Catholic schools and churches. This lead to national reform because the Irish and the Germans had, in a manner, created a new dominant faith, and helped make more spiritual diverseness. The Irish and the Germans were highly influential in American political relations. The Irish possessed an extreme hatred for the British. As the Irish increased their population in the United States to about two million, politicians frequently found it politically good to di ss and roast England. Most Germans who came to Ameri ca came because America was one of the brightest hopes of democracy. German progressives with their thoughts about bondage and public corruptness contributed to the upheaval of American political life. Like the Irish, the Germans were influential electors whom the American politicians took great advantage of. However, the Germans were less influential because their strength was more widely scattered. The Irish besides affected the United States economically and socially. The Irish came to America because of the atrocious murphy dearth in Ireland. They came to America excessively hapless to travel West to purchase land, equipment and farm animal. Forced to populate in poorness they worsened the already hapless slum conditions. As rivals for occupations, the Irish ferociously hated the inkinesss. The Irish, along with the inkinesss, were at the underside of the societal ladder and competed for humble, low-income occupations. However in some instances, the Irish began to derive control of metropolis machines, most notably, New York? s Tammany Hall. Before long Irishmen dominated police sections in a considerable sum of the larger metropoliss. This modified the American economic system because now the southern plantation proprietors could be less reliant on slaves. Subsequently on, this helped the southern economic system because when they made the slave trade illegal, the southern plantation proprietors had already become less dependent on their slaves, because now they besides had inexpensive Irish labour. The Germans helped determine American instruction when they emigrated signifier Germany. The Germans came to America better educated them the? Native? Americans. They supported public schooling, and introduced us into one of their thoughts known as kindergarten. The Germans besides did many things to excite the acquisition and cognition of humanistic disciplines and music. This influenced America socially by bettering our instruction with new thoughts, and bett er cognition. America was greatly influenced in the 1800? s by the rise of in-migration, chiefly the Irish and the Germans. Immigration led to a spirit of national reform by impacting America politically, economically/socially, and sacredly. 376

Organisation culture and change management Assignment

Organisation culture and change management - Assignment Example In the previous decade, the field of knowledge management was new and had generated anxiety and excitement and also achieved increased recognition for the potential that it had to influence the freshly recognised asset called knowledge and in the process bootstrapped the effectiveness of organisations. During the same decade, the conception emerged that it was possible for organisations to learn and create competencies from that learning that would eventually lead to agility and competitive advantage (Bennet & Bennet, 2004). The fact is that knowledge management is quite a new field, so still a significant amount of learning in the way of trial and error is happening. Nevertheless, knowledge management has been victorious in developing quite an important number of processes that are successful and established its value to quite a number of firms as they still keep putting efforts to respond and understand the prospects and threats that arise from a tumultuous environment. A few insta nces of successful knowledge management processes are knowledge sharing, knowledge acquisition and knowledge audit. While organisational and individual learning have been given recognition as an essential factor for substantial period of time in an environment that is always changing, the idea of organisational learning in comparison to knowledge management is relatively new. This study would mainly focus on their relationship. After providing useful definitions for few of the concepts such as knowledge, organisational learning and knowledge management, the discussion will also involve the importance of organisational learning & knowledge management for being the key factors for achieving organisational competitive advantage and superior performance (Bennet & Bennet, 2004). Data, Information & Knowledge To gain a proper understanding about the relationship of knowledge management and organisational learning, at the outset, an explanation of knowledge can be provided. Knowledge can b e best explained as the ability to take necessary and effective action, with the identification that ability includes both actual and potential capability. Knowledge can be in the mind of a person and/or implementing it in the correct way that is taken in a desired situation. It signifies that an action is of use when it provides the desired and anticipated results. Most of the thoughts that are considered normally to form knowledge (Information, Predictability, Facts, Experience, Concepts, Truths, Theories, Intuition, Judgement and Insight) help in adding to form the ability and understanding that are essential to take necessary action, they all can possess knowledge. Organisations and teams might possess knowledge in collective form (both actual and potential) and thus, be able to take actions that any individual cannot take. While knowledge lays emphasis on making sense and understanding (the â€Å"how and why†), information is about being aware of something (the â€Å"wh at and who†

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND FLUIDS Speech or Presentation

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND FLUIDS - Speech or Presentation Example that the plot of flow rate against depth of flow is a smoother curve with the theoretical flow rate in l/s, as compared to the curve with the observed flow rate. The same observation was noted in Figures 3 and 4 when the flow rates are expressed in m3/s. The curves in Figures 1 and 3 are smoother and the flow rates tend to increase as the depth of flow increases. The curves in Figures 2 and 4 have slight outliers from the typical pattern of the curve. However, like in Figures 1 and 3, the flow rates also tend to increase with the depth of flow. Figures 5 and 6 present a plot of the theoretical flow rate and the observed flow rate, respectively, against the depth of flow, when the flow rate is in liters/sec. Similarly, Figures 7 and 8 show the same data when the flow rate is expressed in cubic meters per second. It will be noted that Figure 6 is exactly the same as Figure 2, since the same observed values were used for both the rectangular weir and the V-notch weir. It was observed from Figures 5 and 6 that the plot of flow rate against depth of flow in the rectangular weir is a smoother curve with the theoretical flow rate in l/s, as compared to the curve with the observed flow rate, and that the flow rates tend to increase with the depth of flow. The same observation was noted in Figures 7 and 8 when the flow rates are expressed in m3/s. The curves in Figures 7 and 8 are smoother and the flow rates tend to increase as the depth of flow increases. The curves in Figures 6 and 8 have slight outliers from the typical pattern of the curve. c). Plot a graph of log Q vertical against log H horizontal, and obtain the gradient of the best straight line of fit (estimated by eye). Comment on this value compared to the theoretical value expected. Figure 9 presents the plot of the theoretical flow rate in liters per second against the depth of flow. As shown the plot almost defines a straight line, with a slope of the gradient line at about 49ï‚ °. Figure 10 presents the

Art and Creativity how they affects to the world Essay

Art and Creativity how they affects to the world - Essay Example Tentative Thesis: While oftentimes art and creativity are regarded as elements of existence that are cursory or secondary importance, it’s clear this is a falsehood. This research examination considers the ways that art and creativity are central aspects of contemporary existence. This text examines the important connection between art and commerce. It has a number of notable points that reflect the nature of art as crucial to individual development and a central element, not only in aspects of human development, but also business, entertainment, and overall innovation. The essay will consider this source for its points on the importance of art and human development. This text considers the importance of arts in the public schools. It argues that art improves students’ long-term success and aids them in comprehending outside subjects. The research essay will implement both these points in the research. This text argues that regions that have successfully developed economic regions have done so through cultivating an innovative ‘creative class.’ In these regards, it considers the central importance of creativity in business. The research essay will consider this source in terms of its indication of the importance of art on economic development. This text considers the importance of art in schools. It argues that in addition to improving student success, it improves the overall standing of the school. The research essay will consider this source in relation to the importance art plays on student achievement. This text examines the importance art in human development. Gardner argues that art contributes centrally to an individual’s ability to comprehend new concepts. This essay will consider this source in relation to the indications it makes in regards to art and human development. This text considers the nature of innovation and the business environment. It argues that creativity is a core element

The Education Systems of England and Saudi Arabia Essay - 1

The Education Systems of England and Saudi Arabia - Essay Example Education in England is compulsory under the law. Similarly in Saudi Arabia, education is strongly stressed in the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith [teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad] which requires education for every Muslim. In England, the law under Section 7 of the 1996 Education Act states: 'The parent of every child of compulsory school age shall cause him to receive efficient full-time education suitable- (a) to his age, ability and aptitude, and (b) to any special educational needs he may have, either by regular attendance at school or otherwise.' (Barrow, 2007). A large portion of students in England receive support for their education from public funds. Similarly in Saudi Arabia the government extends support towards education to the extent of providing monthly stipend for deserving students. 'The total budget for higher education (universities, women's colleges and the Ministry of Higher Education) was US$2.5 billion in 1985. This amount constitutes 3.6 percent of the total budget for Saudi Arabia, and 34 percent of the total education budget. All university students also receive a monthly stipend of $300 (all figures for 1985).' (Sedgwick, Ed., 2001). Education system in England is structured in 6 different levels. ... All university students also receive a monthly stipend of $300 (all figures for 1985).' (Sedgwick, Ed., 2001). Education system in England is structured in 6 different levels. In Saudi Arabia, the education system is similarly structured by level although with certain apparent disparity with how the system is constituted. 'Over hundred years old, the UK education system is basically structured in six different levels. They are: Pre-school or pre-preparatory education, Preparatory education, Primary education, Secondary education, Post-sixteen education, and Post-eighteen education.' (Indobase Ltd.). Sedgewick (2001) disclosed that primary education consists of primary school and intermediate school; secondary education consists of general secondary education, religious secondary education, technical secondary school and further technical and vocational training; Higher Education; University Higher Education consists of baccaloreus (four year course), darajat al majisteer (master's degree) and doctoorah (doctorate). Educational System in England requires an examination to test the knowledge of students. In Saudi Arabia such an examination is also required. In England, 'At the age of 16, students write an examination called the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education). All students are tested in Mathematics, English Literature, English composition, chemistry, biology, physics, history or the Classics, one modern language, and one other subject, such as art or computer studies.' (Barrow, 2007). Additionally, the British Council affirmed and posted 'After five years of secondary education, students take examinations in a range of subjects at the level of General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). The GCSE is a single-subject examination set and

Multiculturalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Multiculturalism - Essay Example We have to get rid of the stereotypes and learn to embrace the strengths that everyone brings to the table. Instead of ridiculing someone because they are different we are to seek the commonalities so that everyone is included in whatever we are doing. When you are in a classroom it is very important to take into consideration the diversity of cultures that are represented. In many school districts Americans struggle with the idea that they have to teach English as a second language to those children who come from Mexico. It is important to make sure that all children are included in the classroom by encouraging them to explore their differences. Some teachers bring in readings about different cultures and create activities around them. Children today do not only have racial differences because of the extended families that raise them. Today a teacher my have children who are disabled, who come from single parent homes and those who come from gay or lesbian homes. These are all a part of the multicultural arena in the class room and all should be made to feel comfortable in their learning. Gender bias in the classroom is not new. There have been several studies done to show that boys and girls receive different educations in most classrooms. In elementary schools many girls are looked over when they raise their hand to answer a question in favor of a boy to answer. In other classrooms it is the boys who are getting the lower grades and who are being referred to special education classrooms. Sometimes this bias comes because of the way the teacher perceives the individual learners in each category. Some teachers seem to socialize young girls towards what they expect a feminine individual to do. They also pressure the boys to accept the role that someone masculine would assume. Chapman (2008) suggests that education teaches girls that they are not equal to boys and there are behaviors that

Managing People and Organisations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing People and Organisations - Case Study Example PEST analysis shows that ALSTOM political situation was feeble in 1999 and continued to remain till 2003 until they change their HRM policies to unite the new and old employees. Among the major concerns were lack of funds, updated technology and unskilled labour which they overcome in 2005 by revising their policies and considering social factors on a cultural basis which gained customers' trust and trained their unskilled managers and employees so that they could move with the 'new' labour department. ALSTOM currently should consider economic conditions to be updated on a weekly basis as this would provide the managers with the latest updates to take financial decisions regarding investment and budgeting control. ALSTOM should also sought new ways to lower its' costs and increase its plant's efficiency. ALSTOM unintentionally became dual service business which consisted of a two-fold unit, the existing sector and the newly formed sector. This was the main reason why the industry started engaging in various conflicts. The service sector that was considered 'useless' in ALSTOM was promoted on 'managerial' post while the 'production' unit that consisted of the people who were considered as the real pioneers of the Industry, were merged with the newly formed staff. Any proposal suggested by the new comers and qualified staff was immediately opposed by the existing sector. ... This was the main reason why the industry started engaging in various conflicts. The service sector that was considered 'useless' in ALSTOM was promoted on 'managerial' post while the 'production' unit that consisted of the people who were considered as the real pioneers of the Industry, were merged with the newly formed staff. Any proposal suggested by the new comers and qualified staff was immediately opposed by the existing sector. The conflicts were not limited to the people alone, managers were also involved. Industrial unity began to fragile in the face of multiple pressures; some of them were even brutal which gave rise to the political involvement of managers which widened the potential scope of internal conflict and therefore threatened the basic industrial unity. As a result there started a cold war in two sectors which resisted unity simply as a means of self-protection. (Minkin, 1991, p. 8) The emergence of Uncertainty The existence of 'uncertainty' tended to further reinforce the sense of there being a political sphere distinct from the industrial world which is evident from the development of two distinct centres, the OEM and the newly emerged sector the one growing out of the other seemed to imply the acceptance of two orders and two sets of functions. All of this enhanced the possibility of political and employees' union role-playing in a way that accounts for much of the subtlety and flexibility of the organisational relationship. Walter's management was aware of the fact that ALSTOM was lacking experienced employees; therefore with the formation of OEM, ALSTOM hired capable employees. Inflexibility The more united the organisation, the better is its' structure in terms of flexibility. Walter perceived the two

The Lottery Essay Example for Free

The Lottery Essay Have you ever imagined being killed for winning a lottery? In â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, the author does an outstanding job describing the main character, the plot, and the theme. The character Tessie Hutchinson in this story makes the reader feel as if he or she is a part of the plot. Additionally, the plot of this story is very surprising and unexpected. Jackson does a really great job writing the story, and in the end it is very easy to think about a theme. Certainly, â€Å"The Lottery† is a perfect example of a story combining an interesting plot, good characterization, and a clear theme. Tessie Hutchinson starts out being a regular citizen of the village and ends up being the main character; ultimately, she is killed. First, she is described as: â€Å"an old house woman.† This tells the reader that she probably works all day and is very tired. Next, she nearly forgets about the lottery and she arrives late. This tells us that she is exhausted and doesn’t really care about the lottery. In the end, she â€Å"wins† the lottery as Mr. Summers announces: â€Å"It’s Tessie!† Winning the lottery means being killed, and this is exactly what happens to Tessie. The subtle increasing of the level of importance of Tessie throughout the story made it more interesting to read. The plot of this story was surprising and unexpected at the same time. In the beginning, the scene is described as: â€Å"Clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day.† Ironically, this makes the reader think this is going to be a positive story. Later, we shockingly find out that: â€Å"Someone’s life is going to be over.† This clearly tells us that someone is going to die in this story. Finally, in the end Tessie screams: â€Å"It’s not fair, it isn’t right!† Lastly, the story ends and we then know that Tessie has been killed. These three significant changes that transpire during the plot make it a more compelling story. The theme of this story is to never relax until you are completely safe. A good example is Tessie. For her, it starts out being: â€Å"a normal summer morning.† Then, throughout the story her predicament completely changes. Later on, she nearly forgets about the lottery and she arrives late. Her husband asks: â€Å"Why were you late?† and she simply says that she had forgot. Lastly, she finds out that she is the winner of the lottery as Mr. Summers says: â€Å"It’s Tessie.† This means that she is the one that is going to be killed out of all the citizens of the village. After reading this story, there is one more thing to learn. This is the theme, life lesson, or moral that has just been outlined. In this story, Shirley Jackson does an outstanding job of having an interesting plot, using characterization, and including a clear theme. I really enjoyed reading this story because it was different from most stories I have read before. I like this type of story because the surprise in the end is not expected and you don’t understand it until you finish reading the whole story. This is a fine example of experiencing a result that you definitely didn’t expect. So now, be careful the next time you take part in a lottery!

Juvenile Crimes

Juvenile Crimes Introduction Juvenile crimes seem to dominate many topics of discussions and are such a gigantic problem, because of the over-crowded court rooms and jail cells. However, legislation is being manufactured for younger offenders, while public sentiments continue to escalate regarding what to do with these juveniles, who terrorize local communities with their poor choices that affect us all. One may say that we have never been a victim of a juvenile crime, but many have felt the residual trickle down effects of juvenile crime. How does the society at large combat this issue before it touches or affects us directly? This research paper will show that early intervention through parenting programs as well as an exit strategy for those who fall through the cracks will assist to lower juvenile crimes in spite of the attempts to utilize boot camps, scare tactics and adult sentencing as a means for change. The news is bombarded with juvenile incidents that peaks our discomfort levels and ushers in uneasy feelings because of the violent way juveniles are behaving. Here are a few stories of what juveniles are doing in their respective communities. Four teenagers are caught on a camera robbing a store owner in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The store owner hands are raised above his head when a shot is fired by one of the teens and the store owner falls to his death. In Florida and Kentucky five other teens that perpetrated as vampires are charged with assaulting another teens parent to death. In Los Angeles a six year old boy is fatally wounded by the senseless acts of gang activity and an innocent person was caught in the crossfire also. These are the types of juvenile crimes being committed by individuals between six to eighteen years old. The isolated stories mentioned above are just a few of the headliners of major media outlets informing the general public of the plight of Americas juvenile problem. These senseless brutal events are so commonly placed that juvenile crimes seem to have a numbing effect on our society. A team of researchers stated that Compared to adolescents in other countries, Americas teens exhibit alarmingly high rates of violence, and the sad part about the violent crimes being committed by these individuals is that it is done so easily, uncaring and indifferent to those they violate Summary Most juvenile crime problem stems from social problems, and they are initiated from their upbringing, poverty and poor education. Because, of juvenile crime inner-city youths are unbalanced in their involvement in crime. Since there have been so many stories about juvenile crime, cities, states and even the federal government are working on ways as to how they can improve the problem with crime. Our Congress would like to change twenty-two laws that provide anti-delinquency funding to states. There are states who would like to see young teens to be charged as an adult for crimes they commit. The state of Massachusetts has voted for youths as young as fourteen be tried as adults; while the state of Tennessee minimum age was eliminated, but Wisconsins solution to the problem was to lower their age to ten. For many years, there was a public outcry for tougher stances on juvenile crimes; out of this response the juvenile boot camp concept was born and widely supported but the program had little success. Boot camps for juveniles originated in the late 1980s to help keep youths out of adult prisons or to keep their jail sentences short. At risk youths were placed into intense, structured, severe environments that resembled military boot camps. The juvenile boot camps had a legitimate and sincere mission which was to teach and provide discipline, but ultimately it failed to help prevent kids from committing future crimes. Authorities had hoped that the three months or so, served in boot camp, would help turn juveniles behavior around, but preliminary studies conducted as early as 1990s have indicated that boot camps do not work to improve a juveniles behavior. In fact, many of the attendees, after released, committed even more serious crimes than before because of their contact with more e xperienced offenders (NIH, n.d.). Studies have been shown that boot camps should be ban by the government because of the misconduct of employees at the camps. One incident involved a fourteen-year-old girl who had been put into the camp because she had stole $25 from a friend. The girl, who was overweight, died of heart failure because she was left lying in the sun unattended for hours after running three miles (NIH, n.d.). Incident such as this, is why boot camps have been given a bad reputation and should be closed immediately.. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and experts agree that boot camps do not work to combat juvenile crime; in fact, many of them agree that it can make the problems worse. Many of the facilities has no therapy or no psychological interventions programs for the offenders to help them deal with underlying emotional and behavioral problems they may have been developing for many years (NIH, n.d.). Instead of boot camps which isnt helping out youths we need to start concentrating on ways to prevent juvenile crimes indisputably. One of the ways this can be accomplished is by communities providing programs to help children and their families at an early age. Many state programs are attempting to implement early intervention programs and requesting federal funding for community initiatives that will allow special groups to fight and battle the problem of juvenile crimes.. Another way this can be accomplished is through educational programs geared to observe and seek-out the juvenile indicators early in the developmental stage. These educational programs help the families that they served by providing valid and resourceful information that will enhance or benefit their current status. The programs show parents how to raise healthy children, while others instruct kids about the dangers of drugs, gangs, sex and weapons. While some try to reinforce and emphasize the God given worth or value juveniles have within themselves. This is a great tool in combating many of the issues with juvenile crimes, because the majority of juveniles committing a lot of these senseless crimes are doing them to draw attention due to self-esteem issues. These educational programs were designed to provide encouraging hope and to inform juveniles that there is another way out of their dilemma. Summary 2 Also by implementing early educational intervention in prenatal and infancy homes where visitation by nurses is just one more tool in helping to reduce juvenile crimes. These nurses involved in this program pay visits to low income, single mothers between their third trimester and second year of the childs life. The nurses emphasize on the medical condition of the mother and child, the support relationships in the mothers life, and the enrollment of the mother or caretaker and child in Health and Human Services programs. In a fifteen-year follow-up study found that mothers and children involved in the program had a seventy-nine percent lower child abuse rate, a fifty-six percent lower child runaway rate, and a fifty-six percent lower child arrest rate. This study has also showed an improvement in overall behavior problems of juveniles. (LawyerShop, n.d.).. Another law which has been implemented by many states to control juvenile crimes is the transfer law. This law refers to juveniles being transferred or waived to adult court to be sentence as adults and to serve time with adults. There has been research to prove that this law does not work to detour juvenile crimes. In the 1980s, there were two studies conducted that proved that the transfer laws does not lower the juvenile crime rate. A study conducted by Jensen and Metsgers (1994) time-series analysis, has reported that after implementing the transfer law in 1981, Idahos arrest rate for violent crimes committed by fourteen to eighteen-year-olds increased by 13-percent. Another study conducted by Singer and McDowall in 1988 found that the arrest rates of juveniles between 1974 and 1984 in New York and Philadelphia did not change because of the 1978 New York State law that automatically sent violent juvenile offenders to criminal court (by lowing the ages for criminal court jurisdict ion to thirteen-years-old for murder and fourteen-years-old for assault, arson, burglary, kidnapping, and rape) (Redding, 2008, p. 1). The news of the new law was publicized considerably in the media. During that time, there was evidence that showed many juvenile offenders in New York had knowledge of the new law (Redding, 2008). A program which has been proven to work is an early educational intervention program for juveniles where the parent and child are both involved in the training program. This program encompasses an instructional platform for parents that deal with major behavioral problems in their children. The twelve week interactive program allows therapist to guide and educate parents on the best way to respond to their childs behavior whether positive or negative. The results produced by the program have shown a reduction of hyperactivity, attention deficit, aggression and other related behavior in children (Lawyershop, n.d.).. The educational early intervention program also includes a bullying prevention program that is primary geared toward focusing on elementary as well as junior high school youths. An anonymous student questionnaire informs or alerts teachers and administrators regarding those who maybe engaged in bullying. The questionnaire advised the authorities on the kids, who were most likely to be bullied and the places where bullying occurred. The administrators setup a plan to combat the problem and bullies as well as victims are engaged in individual counseling sessions to follow-up the actual event. As a result of this practice, the program had great success in creating a safer, less aggressive playing field for student at minimal cost to schools. Despite the programs that have been initiated for the benefit of our youth, there are still some juveniles that fall through the cracks, but we as communities must work harder with implementing these programs in the communities to help our youths. Juveniles that enter the Juvenile Justice System have the opportunity to receive intervention assistance within the state, this intervention maybe seen in the form of drug rehabilitation assistance, counseling, and other educational opportunities. The telling outcomes that correlates to the success of the program is seen by how well it prepares these young people to re-enter back into society without committing other crimes. Optimally, all juvenile detention facilities would catch youth up on their education, provide them with job training, give the experience of living in a safe, stable environment, and provide them with assistance to break harmful habits(Lawyershop, n.d.).. For those juveniles that find themselves upon completion of their sentencing, the transition can be brutal without further assistance and help. There are programs that support juveniles that are on the verge of entrance back into the communities they abused. Juveniles must separate themselves from the criminal element that placed them into that situation in the first place. To assist in promoting acceptable behavior and conduct, the courts have attempted to implement helpful social services that aid in giving additional support to ex-offenders, such as, job placement, school opportunities, extended counseling sessions and drug rehab. The last educational intervention program we would like to discuss is Functional Family Therapy program (FFT). This program helps juveniles on probation and their families. The family therapist assists the family and supports the juvenile with positive motivational changes in the home. The program is based on three stages: the first stage attempts to break down any resistance to therapy and encourages the family to promote positive affirmations, communication and interaction; the second step, family members are instructed on how to deal with new problems on a day-to-day situation; the third and final step in the process encourage youths to build new relationship skills in other social situations (for instance school, or the workplace). FFT reduces recidivism rates and juvenile delinquency at a low cost. Twelve FFT sessions cost approximately one-sixth the cost of detaining a youth for one month.(Lawyershop, n.d.). A highlighted benefit from the program is that the siblings of the ju venile crimes are less likely to be engaged in criminal activities because of the assistance the family receives.. Implementing a recreational program in the community can help fill the time of unsupervised youths during after school hours, when parents are, maybe, at work. The Department of Education states that juveniles are most likely to be involved in criminal behavior between the evening hours of 2pm and 8pm, with crime rates escalating at 3pm. These recreational programs allow youths to bond with other members of the community, whether young or old, in wholesome activities. Many of these established relationships may carry into the future as a positive resource. Many psychologists also agree that to change the behavior of a juvenile permanently, a change must be made in a youths internal thinking. There is a three-step process called self-revelation which can help youths make the change; this process is used to help juveniles make better decisions in life by making them think before they act, and to make sensible decisions in life. In the first step, the youths must realize their current b ehavior is self-destructive to themselves and others; step two, the youths need to seek ways on how to be positive and the final step, step three, they change their behavior. This three-step process can only transpire when a teen can sincerely and openly talk about their situation within a supportive and mutually respectful adult relationship (Redding, 2008, p. 2).Thats why everyone is of necessity in dealing with this complex issue. Resources are needed from every professional and caring person, who knows that this problem must be stopped in order to have a more peaceful community. Conclusion In conclusion this paper gives some insight on how early intervention programs can help youths stay away from criminal activities. Juvenile crime is a constant issue that needs to be addressed before it is too late for our young people. Youths are trying to grow up and enter adulthood too fast and too young. Throughout this paper we have expressed the need for educational programs, mentoring from parents and guidance from the community to help our youths stay or get back on the right path.. Encouraging positive behavior support can also work to help youths instead of punishing bad behavior; this system would reward good behavior. For any program to be successful, the teens family must be involved in the process. A study conducted by NIH found that programs which implemented family counseling had the best results. Resolving conflicts, disappointments, and anger with each other will help the teenager and his or her family move on to resolve and appreciate what was good and bad with each other. Providing a good program which includes excellent academics where the teen can be successful, positive discipline methods surrounded by a structure of loving adults, and family counseling to sustain the positive changes that has occurred during the program can help the teen move on to become a productive citizen in society